English, Grade: 12, Grammar and Free Writing (Unit 7 to 14). New Course.
Unit:
7
Humor
Grammar
B. Put the frequency adverbs in the appropriate place and
rewrite the following sentences.
a.
I forget to do my homework. (sometimes)
-
I sometimes forget to do my homework.
b. My father
has touched an alcoholic drink in his life. (never)
-
My father has never touched an alcoholic drink in his life.
c.My father
goes for a walk on Saturdays. (often)
-
My father often goes for a walk on Saturdays.
d. We go to the
movie theatre. (occasionally)
-
We occasionally go to the movie theatre.
e.My brother is
in America. He telephones us. (from time to time)
-
My brother telephones us from America from time to time.
f. My mother
gets up at five o'clock. (always)
-My
mother always gets up at five o'clock.
g. He does not like
alcoholic drinks but takes some wine. (now and then)
-
He does not like alcoholic drinks but takes some wine now and then.
h. I Drink my
tea with milk. (generally)
-
I generally drink my tea with milk.
I. Have you
been to Agra? (ever)
-
Have you ever been to Agra?
j. The
restaurant hours vary as it is booked for special events. (frequently)
-
The restaurant hours vary as it is frequently booked for special events.
Unit: 8
Human Culture
C. Add suitable
suffix to the root words given and write the parts of speech of
each newly formed word.
|
Root Word |
Suffix |
New Word |
|
Neighbour Comfort Shop Husk Squeamish Change Shine Colloquial Collect Embarrass Persuade Type Differ Ship Tropic Drive Reside Brother Fresh |
-hood - able -er - y -ness -able -y - ly -ion -ment - able -ical - -able -ical -er - -hood - ness |
Neighbourhood (n.) Comfortable (adj.) Shopper (n.) Husky (adj.) Squeamishness (n.) Changeable (adj.) Shiny (adj.) Colloquially (adv.) Collection (n.) Embarrassment (n.) Persuadable (adj.) Typical (adj.) NA Shippable (adj.) Tropical (adj.) Driver (n.) NA Brotherhood (n.) Freshness (n.) |
D. Look for the
following words related to waste management in an English dictionary. Make
sentences of your own using them.
Sewage, sludge, organic waste, inorganic
waste, methane, waste reduction, monofil, market waste, incineration, hazardous
waste
Sewage: Sewage should be properly
disposed of.
Sludge: The dumping of sewage sludge
into the ocean was outlawed but still not properly implemented.
Organic Waste: Vegetable
growing fosters if we use the fertilizer made by the decomposition of organic
waste.
Inorganic: Inorganic
fertilizers are being used by farmers to grow crops these days which is not a
healthy practise..
Methane: Methane is
formed by decomposition of organic by product.
Waste reduction: The greatest way
to maintain a healthy ecosystem is waste reduction.
Monofil: We used a
fishing rod made up of monofil. (A large thread of man-made fibre)
Market waste: Market waste is
a problem that arises due to commercialization and industrialization.
Incineration: Incineration
facilities should be used only when inorganic and un-reusable wastage is to be
burnt.
Hazardous waste: Hazardous waste
like broken glasses and plastics should be handled and managed with extra
precision.
Writing
a.
Write a paragraph focusing on the concept of waste management using the 3rs
(reduce, reuse, and recycle).
Answer:
- Toxic waste emissions are a major cause of environmental degradation, and the
3Rs are the most efficient strategy to combat this problem. The 3rs (reduce,
reuse, and recycle) rubbish management strategy is the greatest way to decrease
pollution. If we can't utilize them, we'll have to find a buyer for them at a
recycling plant. Our ecosystem is being polluted by human garbage, which
has a variety of harmful consequences on both people and animals. Minimizing
the amount of garbage we generate each day is the goal of reducing. It is good
for the environment, human health and the economy when less garbage is
generated. A better environment and sustainable development may be achieved by
adopting this kind of behavior. People are healthier when there is less
pollution and a higher national health index. There must be an effort to reuse
goods such as plastic bottles, bags, and metals instead of throwing them
away.
b.
In most of Nepal's cities, waste management is a major issue. Write a letter to
the editor to be published in the daily newspaper suggesting ways of ‘Solving
Garbage Problems.’
Tinkune-5, Kathmandu
16, November 2021
To
the editor,
Himalayan
Daily,
Kathmandu,
Nepal
Subject: To publish
my article on garbage management in Nepal.
Dear
Sir,
It’s not necessary to remind you that the Nepalese
capital, Kathmandu, has been plagued by waste for the last 20 years, but now
the whole country is affected. Not only the city inhabitants but also the
foreigners and tourists have an unfavorable impression of our city because it
is littered with waste. I'll go through some of the best strategies to avoid
the issue of garbage here. I'd appreciate it if you published my article on
Garbage management, which is a major issue in most of Nepal's major cities.
Garbage has many sources, in which household, industries,
hospitals, vehicles are the major. First, we should separate the garbage on the
basis of its nature. If it is organic, we can use it to make manures and if it
is inorganic, we could either use the 3RS method, or simply use the
incineration method, which will cause less smoke to burn down the trash.
First idea is compost manure preparation:
Biodegradable trash may be used to provide economic
advantages. Composting or vermin composting may be used to turn organic waste
into compost from solid waste or rubbish. Rural farmers have long used compost
to generate manure. Being farmers, we should prioritize compost manure over
inorganic fertilizers.
Second option is to use landfill.
In landfills, garbage is buried beneath the surface of
the ground. Pits or man-made pits are often utilized for landfilling. A
well-managed landfill may be both sanitary and cost-effective for disposing of
waste.
Third method is to utilize the usable trash
Electricity and heat could be produced by the waste. Both
the production of more energy from rubbish waste and the reduction of Nepal's
garbage waste issue are enhanced as a result of this approach.
Fourth option is incineration
An incinerator is a device that burns rubbish and other
solid organic waste with less smoke production. This procedure is carried out
in a sterile setting. This is the most used way for disposing of medical and
industrial waste. The heat generated during the process may be utilized as a
power source, while the ash that is left over can be used as fertilizer in
agriculture. There is a potential that Nepal's garbage problem may be solved.
I am optimistic for the positive response from the
respected editor and can’t wait to see this article in your next
publication.
Sincerely,
Ram Sharma
Inhabitant of Kathmandu Valley
Grammar
B. Use the
words from the brackets to complete the sentences.
a.
This house is very small. I want to buy a ................ one. (much / big)
- Much Bigger
b.I
liked the magic show. It was .......... than I’d expected. (far / exciting)
- Far more exciting
c.It was very cold yesterday. It’s
........ today. (a bit / warm)
- A bit warmer
d.The warmer
the weather the ........ I feel. (good)
- better
e.An average American earns ………………..
than an average Nepali. (considerably / high)
- Considerably higher
f.Health care in Nepal is not as
......... as it is in the US. (expensive)
- expensive
g.I think the problem is . ........
than it seems. (far / complicated)
- Far more complicated
h.You are driving very fast. Would you
please drive ..........? (a bit/ slowly)
A
bit more slowly
i .Your handwriting is not legible. Can
you write ........? (a bit/ neat)
- A bit neater
C. Rewrite the following sentences with
the sentence beginnings given below.
a.
Kabir is less intelligent than he pretends. He is not as talented as he
pretends.
b.
I am busy today but I was busier yesterday. I’m not as buy as I was yesterday.
C.
Hari has lived in Kathmandu for 10 years but Bikram for 20 years. Bikram has
lived more than Hari in Kathmandu.
D.
I used to study 12 hours a day but nowadays I study only 5 hours a day. I don’t
study as much as I used to.
E.
It’s a very good room in our hotel. In fact, it’s the best one.
F.
He earns 30 thousand rupees a month but spends 40 thousand. He spends more than
he earns.
G.
There is no other mountain higher than Mt. Everest in the world. Mt. Everest is
the Highest one.
H.
The place was nearer than I thought. It was not as far as I had thought it to be.
I.
Bharat can play better than Mohan. Mohan can’t play as good as Bharat.
Unit: 9
Ecology and Environment:
Writing
A. Write a review of a book/film which you
have read/watched recently.
A review of the movie: Pashupati Prasad
Director: Dependra K. Khanal
Starring: Khagendra Lamichane, Rabindra Singh Baniya,
Bipin Karki, and Barsha Shiwakoti
Producers: Rojina Staula
Genre: Social
Duration: 130 minutes
Language: Nepali
Released date: January 29, 2016
Pashupati Prasad's narrative was written by Dependra K. Khanal. Pashupati
Prasad's struggle is well shown in the film. It has shown the hardships of a
common poor Nepali Youth who dreams of having a good life but is hindered by
poverty. At last, a very unexpected twist happens in the movie. You should
watch it once to know what happened.
Pashupati (Khagendra Lamichhane) moves
to Kathmandu after the huge Baisakh earthquake, which causes him to lose his
family and his home in Sindhupalchowk. He has no property but he has fifty
thousand dollars in debts from his father, who died in the earthquake. In
Pashupatinath, he lives with Mitt Buwa, who goes through the dead bodies and
collects the coins. He also goes to search for gold in the Bagmati River. He
spends his time with a Hanuman (a criminal who changed his appearance to bypass
the police). There is a conflict when Bhasme (Bipin Karki) tries to halt
Pashupati's efforts. He also falls in love with a Mute girl (Barsha Shiwakoti)
while selling second hand sarees in the street. He collects money to buy a
Momo’s cart. One day Pashupati finds a gold ring in Bagmati River and goes to
sell it. But, the jeweler misuses his ignorance and calls the public blaming
him that he stole his ring. The public beats him until he dies.
There will be tears in your eyes as you
finish watching this heartbreaking movie. You will be able to see yourself in
the protagonist's hardships. He does all he can to make a few dollars, but he
fails. Moreover, how stunning the cinematography in this film is. Artists and
actors that use dramatic tones in their performances, in my opinion, touch the
hearts of everyone in the theater. He is a natural performer, and his
performance and part in the film are captivating.
I think this is a really good film.
Don’t miss it.
B. Your school is going to organize a speech competition
on Friday. The subject of the speech is “Let’s save the trees and protect our
environment.” Draft a speech using the following prompts.
Greetings
to the intellectuals, notable guests, my revered teachers, and my beloved
friends this morning. My speech's title is "Let's save the trees and
protect our environment." Through my speech, I want to convey to you the
importance of trees and forests, as well as their contribution to our lives.
Plants,
and animals make up the natural world. Millions of trees and billions of live
creatures exist in this environment. The whole atmosphere, soil, plants, water
are equally needed by human beings and all other species and they may coexist
only in a healthy environment.
Trees are one of the most vital natural resources that sustain all life on
Earth. Trees help protect the natural environment by controlling pollution
levels and removing toxic air from the atmosphere generated by human
activities. They provide a safe haven for a large number of animals and aid in
the natural process of enhancing soil fertility.
As
a thank you for all of the advantages trees bring, we selfishly take them down.
We are so reliant on this natural resource that we are destroying it and
causing damage to the environment in the process. There will be no place left
to live on this planet if this trend of deforestation continues and people
don't grasp the need of planting trees.
Trees
save us. So, we should start saving ourselves by planting trees in our own
backyard and throughout our community. We should spread the word about the
necessity of doing so. For the sake of the environment and the rest of the
world, we have to do what we can without the greed of recognition.
At
last, Let's all agree to abandon this destructive practice and instead focus on
reforestation. Let’s pledge to rescue the trees and save the world!
Thank you!
Reported speech
B. Someone says something to you which contradicts what
they told you earlier. Match the beginnings of the conversations with the
correct endings.
|
a. I'm going
to Pokhara on holiday. |
vi. You said
you were going on business. |
|
b. He's a
lawyer. |
iii. You told
me he was a teacher. |
|
c. She's had
a baby girl. |
i. You
said she'd had a boy. |
|
d. I haven't
seen Binesh for ages. |
viii. You told
me you'd seen him previous week. |
|
e. I love
these new boots. |
v. You said
you hated them. |
|
f. I only
cheated in one exam. |
ii. You
admitted you cheated in all your exams. |
|
g. She
doesn't speak Hindi or Chinese. |
iv. You
told me she was fluent in both. |
|
h. He works
in Kathmandu. |
vii. You told
me his office was in Biratnagar. |
C. Change the
following sentences into indirect speech.
a. The principal
said, “You can phone from my office, Rita.”
The principal allowed Rita to phone from his office.
b. “You
must not neglect your duty,” said the teacher to the student.
The teacher told the student not to neglect his duty.
c. The student
said, “Sir, please, grant me leave for two days.”
The student asked the teacher to grant him leave for two
days.
d. I said to her,
“Go to school or you will be fined.”
I ordered her to go to school to avoid the fine.
e. The headmaster
said, “Don’t make any noise, boys.”
The headmaster forbade the boys to make any noise.
f. “Work hard
if you want to rise in life,” said the old man.
The old man advised us to work hard to rise in
life.
g. He said,
“Goodbye, my friends!”
He bade his friends good bye.
h. She said to
me, “Have a pleasant journey ahead.”
She told me to have a pleasant journey ahead.
i. “Don’t
give me the book, please,” Sharmila said.
Sharmila requested not to give her the book.
j. “Where
have you been these days?” she spoke on the telephone.
She asked on the telephone where he had been those
days.
k. The teacher
said, “Have you submitted your assignments, students?”
The teacher asked the students if they had submitted
their assignments.
D. These are
the exact words Dinesh said to you yesterday.
"I've just got engaged! We're getting married next
month. We're going to Pokhara for our honeymoon. It's all going to be very
expensive. Luckily, my friend is a photographer so he'll take the photos for
us. We'll be having the reception in my parents' back garden. My mum is baking
the cake for us and my sister's band is playing free for us. I hope you'll come
to the wedding."
Now, you're telling your friend what Dinesh told you.
Complete the text.
He said he had just got engaged. He told me that he was
getting married next month. He told me that they were going to Pokhara for
their honeymoon. He mentioned that it was going to be very expensive. He said
that his friend was a photographer and he would take the photos for them. He
mentioned that they would be having the reception in his parents' garden. He
admitted that his mum was baking the cake for them and his sister’s band was
playing free for them. He said he hoped I'd come to the wedding.
Unit: 10
Career Opportunities
B. Define the following employment-related terms and use
them in the sentences of your own.
Volunteering
: any activity that involves spending time,
unpaid, doing something that aims to benefit the environment or someone
A volunteer is worth twenty pressed men.
On the job
training : With on the job training, employees receive training whilst remaining in
the workplace.
I prefer on the job training that involves primarily
multi-tasking.
career
opportunity:
certain
job that might lead to further achievements
I thought it was a good career opportunity to go and
work for a multinational company,"
skill
development:
Process of identifying the gaps and developing the skills
which enable the person to achieve their goals.
The
time period of student life is a crucial time for skills development.
apprenticeship:
an arrangement in which someone learns an art, trade, or
job under another.
It was the necessary apprenticeship to his brilliant
diplomatic career.
career counselling:
Here are not any agencies which charge less for
career counseling than private career counselors
I
am going to join tomorrow’s virtual career counselling program organized by
iskcon Nepal.
credentials:
documents that state the abilities and experience of a person
She has the perfect credentials for the job.
human
capital:
the collective skills, knowledge, or other intangible
assets of individuals that can be used to create economic value
Nepal should focus on human capital development.
Internship:
a period of time spent receiving or completing training
at a job as a part of becoming qualified to do it
I
regret not joining the internship of our firm.
Soft
skills:
non-technical skills that relate to how you work, how you
interact with colleagues, solve problems etc
My technical background in math and finance has been
useful, but the soft skills are equally important.
minimum
wage:
Minimum
salary of doing a work
I
don’t want to work unless I get a minimum wage of Rs. 10,000/week.
recruitment:
Process
of hiring the human capital in some sorts of works
As crime continues to rise, recruitment of city police
officers has become a top priority for human safety.
role
model:
Follow-worthy
or highly impressive and inspiring person
Elon
musk is my role model for never being upset in failures.
aptitude:
Ability of doing sth
The aptitude test will identify your strongest areas in
math.
assessment:
the process of making a judgement or evaluation about
someone or something.
She was brutally frank in her assessment of our exam
grades..
C. Based on their pronunciation, divide the following
words into two groups so that the vowel sounds rhyme with here and hare.
Here
=Fear, beer, ear, leer, cheer, sheer, shear, tear (n.),
mere, deer, dear, clear, sneer, gear
Hare
= Fare, fair, bear, bare, care, heir, air, share, lair,
chair, share, tear (v.), mare, dare, snare
Writing
A. Study the following advertisement. Write an
application for one of the positions. Prepare your CV too that suits the
job.
Baneshwor, Kathmandu
July 29, 2021
To,
The
Manager,
MM
Construction Pvt. Ltd.
Butwal,
Nepal
Subject:
An Application for the post of Civil Engineer
Dear
Madam/ Sir,
With
reference to vacancy issued in Kantipur National Daily on July 28, 2021, I
would like to apply for the position.
To qualify for the position, I have a bachelor's degree in physics from one of
the country's most prestigious universities, as well as two years of relevant
work experience.
I have all the skills, training, and experience necessary to fill the role, and
I've always wanted to work for a firm as advanced and well-known as yours.
Therefore, I would like to ask you to put me through my paces and see whether I
have what it takes to succeed in this position.
Additionally,
I've included a full CV for your review and consideration.
I
am looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Shriram Lamichhane
Grammar
Conditional sentences
Present
SImple - Will/can/must
Past
Simple- would/could/should…
Past
perfect - would have / could have ….
B. Rewrite the following sentences
using the correct form of the verbs.
a.
If you sell your stocks now, you won’t get
much money for them. (not/get)
b.
A lot of people would lose their jobs if the factory closed down. (close down)
c.
Our country won’t have to export wheat if it rains
in November and February. (rain)
d.
If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life. (find)
e.
If he had not been wearing a helmet, he could have been seriously
injured.
f.
Unless you follow the instructions, you will
not pass the exams. (not/pass)
g.
I don’t mind walking home as long as the weather is fine. (be)
h.
The bank will sanction you the loan provided you deposit a collateral. (deposit)
i.
What would you have been doing if you had not got this job? (you/do)
j.
If you had the choice, where would you have lived? (you/live)
C. Change the following sentences into ‘if sentences’ as
in the example.
Example:
I did not go to a restaurant because I was not hungry.
I
would have gone to a restaurant if I had been hungry.
a.
The driver was talking on the phone so the accident happened.
If
the driver had not been talking on the phone, the accident would not have
happened.
b.
There is no one at home because all the lights are off.
There
would be someone at home if all the lights were not off.
If
there was someone at home, all the lights wouldn't be off.
c.
He must be an educated person because he has subscribed 'The Kathmandu Post.'
He
mustn't be an educated person if he had not subscribed 'The Kathmandu Post.'
If
he was an educated person, he would have subscribed 'The Kathmandu Post.'
d.
His head was not injured in the accident because he had put the helmet on.
His
head would have been injured in the accident if he had not put the helmet on.
e.
I am sure he passed the exam because he gave a heavy treat to his friends.
I
am sure he would not have passed the exam if he hadn't given a heavy treat to
his friends.
f.
You didn't take any breakfast so you are hungry now.
If
you had taken some breakfast, you would not be hungry now.
g.
I am sure he is a doctor because he is wearing the white gown.
I
am sure he wouldn't be a doctor if he was not wearing the white gown.
h.
She is very rich so she drives a Mercedes.
If
she was not very rich, she would not be driving a Mercedes.
i.
I didn't know it was only half a kilometer from my house, so I booked a ride.
If I had known it was only a half kilometer
from my house, I would not have booked a ride.
j.
He has hidden something in his mind, so he does not look fresh.
If
he had not hidden anything in his mind, he would look fresh.
Unit: 11
Hobbies:
Write
an essay on ‘Hobbies.'
When
it comes to hobbies, it's whatever you like doing in your own time. You may
relax your mind and body in the most blissful way possible. A person's
personality has a significant impact on their choice of hobbies. It might be
both instructive and amusing.
Almost
everything we do in life has the potential to turn into a hobby or an interest.
It's not the only thing that can be done, though. It gives us a boost.
Making new acquaintances is easy when you have a common interest. Many hobbies
may be turned into a source of income and fame. It's a good thing to have
interests outside of work. It gives the brain something on which to focus.
A
person's interest is reflected in their choice of a hobby. It's a win-win
situation for both of us. A person's tastes vary. So, there are a lot of
different things going on.
Stamp collecting is a hobby for some
people. They are not the only ones interested in coins from different countries
and periods. Photographion is a passion for some people, as is painting, music,
keeping birds or other pets, or participating in sports, but avarice is what
motivates others.
In
a nutshell, we must have a hobby which is beneficial for us and everybody.
Unit: 12
Animal World
a. Write a 250-word essay on
"Independence vs. Interdependence"
An Essay on
Individualism vs. Socialism
There are usually two ways that people
think about themselves and their relationships with other people. To begin
with, an individual's perception of his or her existence is that he or she
exists independently of others is known as the autonomous self-concept. Interdependent
self-concept is characterized by a person's sense of belonging to a larger
community. Both the notions of independence and dependency have advantages and
disadvantages.
Interdependence self-concept is based
on the idea that people in a community rely on each other for existence and
growth. To further implant the concept that mental growth and development is
not a solitary endeavor, it provides social support for one another's progress
as well. Responsibility for sharing is promoted by encouraging people to assume
diverse responsibilities that contribute to society's progress and development.
Fear may be overcome if you have a strong sense of self-reliance.
In addition, it fosters a sense of
community and a sense of belonging among those involved, whether on a personal
or professional level. Independent self-concept is concerned with what makes a
person stand apart from the rest of society in terms of his or her internal
traits. Because of this, one feels better about himself or herself, which makes
it easier on family, friends, and the rest of society. More so, if independence
is a goal, it boosts one's self-worth and self-esteem.
Individualism increases one's
self-confidence, but interdependence focuses on how individuals interact with
one other and how society's current rules govern how people interact. As a
whole, society and the country benefit much from both Dependency: To acquire
what one desires, one is reliant on the efforts of others. in the person of
(you) As a result of one's own hard work, one is able to achieve one's goals.
(written - by - myself or my own) Cooperate with each other in order to achieve
our goals (by - Together)
B. Write a newspaper article
highlighting the increasing individualism in the modern Nepali society.
Modern Nepalese society is becoming
more individualistic. Individualism is defined as the power we have as
individuals to do what we want. We would have a more cohesive society if
everyone was free to follow their own ambitions. Individualism is becoming more
prevalent in Nepalese culture.
Individualism places a high value on
self-determination and self-actualization. A culture of individualism places a
high value on the accomplishments of those who have made a significant
contribution to society.
Nepalese culture now places a high
priority on individualism. However, it should be construed positively rather
than negatively. Individualism has certain advantages, including the ability to
make one's own decisions. Male or female, a number of groups are attempting to
provide every citizen their own unique identity.
Support for gender equality in the
workplace, income, education, and political leadership is strongly linked to
this kind of behavior. Female employment and educational achievement and lower
fertility rates are also linked to individualism.
GRAMMAR
PASSIVE VOICE
A. Make passive sentences from the
following information as in the example.
Example :
Toyota cars/Japan/make : Toyota cars are made in Japan.
a.
volleyball/every/country/play
Volleyball is played in every
country.
b. spaghetti/boiling water/cook
Spaghetti is cooked in boiling
water.
C. each lesson/an exercise/follow
Each lesson is followed by an
exercise.
d. taxes/the price/include
Taxes are included in the price.
e. extensive information/the
internet/find
Extensive information is found on the
internet.
f. our order/the waiter/ took
Our
order was taken by the waiter.
g. the schedule/the participants/will
distribute
The schedule will be distributed by the participants.
h. The police/footprint/found
Footprints were found by the
police.
i. the children/the
sandcastles/built
The sandcastles were built by the
children.
j. the father/the window/not going to
open
The window is not going to be opened by
the father.
Unit: 13
History
WRITING
A. Write a description of an event that you have recently witnessed.
A few weeks back, I was walking to school at 8:00 a.m. As I walked near
Bhrikuti Chowk, two young motorcycle’s crashed into a vehicle. The motorbike
riders landed around four feet distant. One of the two young victims died
there. The motorcyclist received a severe right-side head injury. Despite his
injuries, he recovered. They were sent to hospital. This horrifying accident
left me astonished and awed. That night I had nightmares. This is a past
incident that still bothers me.
B. Human life does not pass as one
expects. You can have also gone through various yet noteworthy experiences.
Write an essay on 'An Unforgettable Event in my Life' in roughly 500 words.
'An
Unforgettable Event in my Life'
It changed my life.
In 2019, I left for home at 10:30 after
my night tuition classes. My way home was long and lonely. As I drove by, I saw
four guys abusing a girl.
She was on a scooter and she braked
forcefully to avoid hitting those men. They teased and stopped her. One of them
instructed me to turn around and depart as I approached on my bike.
I saw the female face as I was about to
do a U-turn. Her cheeks swelled with worry and grief. She couldn't talk due to
fear. I asked myself, Why do I leave her? In reality, there are four drunk
guys, so I can't assist her.
These thoughts occurred to me
instantly. After that, I got off my bike and raced straight to them, hitting
the first guy in the stomach and throwing stones at the others. But, I could
not defeat them as I am not a hero. My face, stomach, back and legs were all
beaten. I shouted at the female to leave the place. She left quickly.
They continued pounding me, and I tried
to defend myself but couldn't. Then they departed.
I escaped with minor bruises and no
blood on my face. Then I went home and slept with pain and a smile for the
first time.
Since then, I've defended and assisted
others. Protecting others does not mean fighting physically, but rather
sticking up for the one in need. Help can save a life. One need not be a hero
or strong to fight evil.
Grammar
B. Complete these sentences with the
correct prepositions.
a. The relationship between the two
boys has changed significantly over the past few years.
b. In Nepal, many girls get married at
an early age.
c. I'm not in the mood for such silly
games.
d. There were no security personnel on
duty at that time.
e. The new Smartphone is similar to the
one I bought a few years ago.
f. My dad insisted on taking the later
train.
g. People with ambition always try to
achieve their goals, no matter what happens.
h. Mr. Jenkins has been disabled all
his life as a result of a childhood illness.
i. We bought the TV because it was for
sale.
j. She has no understanding of how
computers really work.
k. I gave him my new T-shirt in
exchange for a few cigarettes.
L. The company is run by two people who
hardly ever meet.
m. All the celebrations and parties
were called off because of the tragic accident.
n. There was a great need for
volunteers at the site of the crash.
C. Complete the following text with
correct prepositions.
What are we seeing here? The very real
possibility is that these are the educational consequences of the differences
between parenting styles that we talked about in the Chris Langan chapter.
Think back to Alex Williams, the nine-year-old whom Annette Lareau studied. His
parents believe in concerted cultivation. He gets taken into museums and gets
enrolled in special programs and goes to summer camp, where he takes classes.
When he's bored at home, there are plenty of books to read, and his parents see
it as their responsibility to keep him actively engaged in/ with the world
beside/except him. It's hard to see how Alex would get better at reading and
math in the summer.
B. Make sentences from the given clues
as stated in brackets.
a. Who/pass the exam? (future
simple)
Who will pass the exam?
b. How/you/get home? (future
continuous)
How will you be getting home?
C. I …. come later. (future
simple)
I will come later.
d. She/catch the train by 3 pm. (future
perfect)
She will have caught the train by 3p.m.
e. It rain tomorrow. (future
simple)
It will rain tomorrow.
f. John/sleep at 4 am. (future
continuous)
John will be sleeping at 4a.m.
g. How long/you/see your boyfriend when
you get married? (future perfect continuous)
How long will you have been seeing your
boyfriend when you get married?
h. Itrain in Kathmandu next week.
(future continuous)
It will be raining in Kathmandu next
week.
i. How long/you/work here when you
retire? (future perfect continuous)
How long will you have been working
here when you retire?
j.He/ not/finish the cleaning by the
time she gets home. (future perfect)
He will not have finished the cleaning
by the time she gets home.
C. Complete the following sentences
with the correct future tense form of the verbs in the brackets.
a. It....... (snow) in Brighton
tomorrow evening. - will snow
b. On Friday at 8 o'clock, 1. ..... (to
meet) my friend. - will have to meet
C. Wait!ł......... (to drive) you to
the station. –will drive
d. When they get married in March, they
...... (to be) together for six years. –will have been
e. You're carrying too much. I
............ (to open) the door for you. –will open
f. Do you think the teacher (to mark)
our homework by Monday morning? - will mark
g. When I see you tomorrow, I .........
(show) you my new book. -will show
h. After you take a nap, you (to feel)
a lot better-will feel
I. I (to let) you know the second the
builders finish decorating. - will let
j. We .......... (to wait) in the
shelter until the bus comes. –will have been waiting
k. I'm very sorry, Dr. Jones
........... (not be) back in the clinic until 2pm. – will not be
l. This summer, I............. (to
live) in Birgunj for four years. –will have been living
m. I don't think you .... (to have) any
problems when you land in Pokhara. -will have had
n. The baby should be due soon, next
week she ........... (to be) pregnant for nine months. –will have been
o. By the time we get home, they
............ (to play) football for 30 minutes. -will have been playing
p. When you get off the train, I
........... (to wait) for you by the ticket machine. -will be waiting
q. This time next week, I ............
(ski) in Switzerland! - will have been skiing
r. Now, I ............ (to check) my
answers. –will check.
Unit: 14
Human Rights
WRITING
The author talks about the dual
education system based on race in South Africa in the second half of the
twentieth century. We also have private schools and public schools in Nepal.
What should be done to make education equal to all citizens of Nepal? Write a
couple of paragraphs expressing your views.
Private and Public Schools in Nepal
Governments
and individuals alike have a responsibility to guarantee that all Nepalese
children get an equal education. Because of the disparity in quality between
private and state schools, Nepalese parents are debating whether or not to
privatize their children's education. As a result, some argue that school
privatization should be avoided. It creates two different groupings of people.
For everyone, educational opportunity
is a fundamental human rights issue. In order for the nation to flourish, it is
essential that all students have equal access to resources, opportunities, and
treatment. Equality and justice in education are essential.
Teachers at public schools should be
just as excited as those at private schools, and they should be just as good at
their jobs. English should be taught in public schools as well. Parental
pressure on public schools must be increased for the benefit of both children
and the institutions they attend. Schools, whether public or private, should be
closely watched and scrutinized. The quality of education for public school
students may be enhanced by providing enough teaching and thorough supervision.
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