English, Grade: 12. Grammar and Composition (Unit: 14 to 20), New Course.
Unit: 14
GRAMMAR:
A. Join the following pairs of sentences using
when and while.
a. Bibha Kumari was doing her homework. The
doorbell rang.
- Bibha Kumari was doing her homework when the
doorbell rang.
- The doorbell rang while Bibha Kumari was
doing her homework.
b. I heard the telephone ring. I picked it
up.
-When I heard the telephone ring, I picked it
up.
c. Dil Maya found a thousand rupee note. She
was washing her pants.
-Dil Maya found a thousand rupee note while
she was washing her pants.
-Dil Maya was washing her pants when she found
a thousand rupees note.
d. Tenjing gave his measurements to the
dressmaker. He was visiting the market yesterday.
- Tenjing gave his measurements to the
dressmaker while he was visiting the market yesterday.
- Tenjing was visiting the market yesterday
when he gave his measurements to the dressmaker.
e. I was at the butcher's shop. I met
Harikala.
I was at the butcher's shop when I met
Harikala.
f. The sales agent was dealing with the
customer. A thief stole the jewels.
The sales agent was dealing with the customer
when a thief stole the jewels.
A thief stole the jewels while the sales agent
was dealing with the customer.
g. My small brother was sleeping. I played
chess with my father.
My small brother was sleeping when I played
chess with my father.
I played chess with my father while my small
brother was sleeping.
h. The old lady fell down. She was climbing up
the stairs.
- The old lady fell down while she was
climbing up the stairs.
- The old lady was climbing up the stairs when
she fell down.
I. The leader was giving a speech loudly. He
lost his voice. -The leader was giving a speech loudly when he lost his
voice.
- The leader lost his voice while he was
giving a speech loudly.
J. Kanchan broke her backbone. She was lifting
up the load. -Kanchan broke her backbone while she was lifting up the load.
-Kanchan was lifting up the load when she broke her backbone.
Unit: 15
WRITING
Write a letter to a business organization
overseas describing the prospects of the tourism industry in your local place. Consider
the following points in the letter.
* Propose to venture in the tourism business.
* Persuade the organization head ta visit the
place once
* Clearly dig out the specialties and
potentialities of the place.
* Explain its archeological and historical
importance
To.
The Chairperson
The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
Madrid, Spain
Namaste from Nepal !
I'm sending you this letter to provide some
information on potential tourist attractions in my area. I told you that
Nepal's tourist industry had a lot of opportunities for improvement. Nepal is
also a diverse country in terms of its people, cultures, and religions. In my
own locale, there are many opportunities for expansion in the tourist
industry.
Baglung is the name of the city where I reside.
It is located in the Western Development Region of Nepal. Beautiful lakes,
breathtaking mountains, and friendly people from across the planet are just
some of the reasons why this place is so amazing. Baglung, a city with a rich
religious and historical past, has been the major destination of all kinds of
tourists ranging from religious to nature loving tourists.
Baglung's most recognizable spot is the Temple
of Goddess Bhagwati, located in the city's heart. The country's tallest and
longest bridge connects Baglung and Parbat. Photographing the gorgeous
surroundings is an extra way to enjoy the journey.
Recently, a number of new children's amusement
parks have opened, including BP Smriti Park and others. Children and teens'
definitions of enjoyment are being widened in a variety of ways. Minibusses,
vans, and battery rickshaws are among the means of transportation that may be
used to come to Baglung. There is also a semi-opened airport here. Visitors may
enjoy fine dining and a comfortable bed at a few 3-star hotels here. An
enormous number of tourists come here each year.
I'd appreciate it if you could help me spread
the word about the booming tourism business in my hometown.
I look forward to hearing from you
Yours faithfully.
Priyal Panthi
GRAMMAR:
A. Tick the correct
one.
a. He has obtained full mark/marks.
b. More than two boys were/was
absent.
C. One of the boy/boys was not found
there.
d. His wonder knew no bounds/bound.
e. I will give you my words/word.
f. He gave me much/many good advice/advices.
g. He gave wrong information/informations.
h. Give me two dozens/dozen eggs.
i. Six miles is/are a long
distance.
j. The clock has struck four hours/hour.
k. Would you lend me a ten rupees/rupee
note?
l. The Nepal government makes a five year/years
development plan.
m. They went to Singapore on a four days/day
trip.
B. Which of the sentences is correct in each
pair? Rewrite the correct one.
Correct ones have been indicated with an
arrow.
a. My all books are lost.
All my books are lost. ←
b. His both brothers are ill.
Both his brothers are ill. ←
c. Give me a hundred rupee. ←
Give a hundred rupees.
d. Everybody except me was absent. ←
Everybody except I was absent.
e. He was died of fever.
He died of fever. ←
f. It is raining for a week.
It has been raining for a week. ←
g. I have seen my friend long ago.
I saw my friend long ago. ←
h. My friend has gone out before I
arrived.
My friend had gone out before I arrived. ←
i. He said he has never seen him before.
He said he had never seen him before. ←
j. He assured he will come.
He assured he would come. ←
Unit: 16
Fantasy
C. Based on the pronunciation, find the odd word from
the following
groups. (Page: 134)
a. sell, cell, see, set - see
b. stopped, laughed, saved, booked - saved
c. hare, mere, beer, here - hare
d. so, sew, sow, Saw - saw
e. book, food, pool, tool -
book
f. fan, jam, past, van – past
g. sell, cell, sale, said - sale
h. howl, bowl, fowl, growl - bowl
i. learn, verb, turn, torn - torn
j. poor, sure, door, dog -
sure
Relative clause (Page: 137)
A. Study the following sentences and underline the relative
clauses.
a.
I snatched a minute when things had slackened a minute.
b.
Instead of going straight into the adjoining room, where her desk was, she
lingered slightly irresolute in the outer office.
c.
She was beautiful in a way that was decidedly stenographic.
B. Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns: who, which,
that, whom, whose, where, why, how, what or when.
a.
There is a lady ……….wallet has been stolen.
Answer: whose
b.
Do you know the man ……..sold these glasses?
Answer: who
c.
The knife …………you cut the bread with is very sharp.
Answer: which
d.
Why do you blame him for everything ………goes wrong?
Answer: that
e.
A cemetery is a place…………..dead bodies are buried.
Answer: where
f.
This school is for those children……….mother tongue is not Nepali.
Answer: whose
g.
I don’t know the name of the person……………I spoke over the telephone.
Answer: whom
h.
I came to Kathmandu on the day…………….the devastating earthquake took
place.
Answer: when
i.
In the application form she wrote…………..she needed a good payment.
Answer: when
j.
The pilot explained ………….he made force landing on the road.
Answer: why
C. Join the following pairs of sentences using
who, which, that, whose, whom, where, when or what.
a. (The building was destroyed in the fire. It
has now been rebuilt.
- The building, which was destroyed in the fire, has now
been rebuilt.
b. A new cricket stadium is being made in Chitwan. It can
accommodate one hundred thousand people.
- A new cricket stadium which can accommodate one hundred
thousand people is being made in Chitwan.
c. Shanghai is the most populated city in the world. I
stayed there for five years.
-Shanghai, where I stayed for five years, is
the most populated city in the world.
d. This is the man. I gave some money to him
this morning.
-This is the man whom I gave some money to this
morning.
e. Do you know the man? His son was awarded in
the school yesterday.
- Do you know the man whose son was awarded in
the school yesterday?
f. His step-mother was not very kind to him.
He had been staying with her.
- His step-mother, whom he had been staying
with, was not very kind to him.
g. He can never forget Nakkhu Jail. He had
spent 14 years there.
- He can never forget Nakkhu Jail where he had spent 14
years.
h. He showed me his new tab. He had paid a hundred
thousand rupees for it.
-He showed me his new tab which he had paid a hundred
thousand rupees for.
i. Nelson Mandela joined the ANC in the 1930s. He was a
student then.
- Nelson Mandela joined the ANC in the 1930s
when he was a student.
j. She forgot to buy the things. Her mother
had told to buy them.
-She forgot to buy the things which her mother had told
to buy.
Unit: 17
War and Peace
B.
You may have travelled by bus or train. During your travel, you might have got
different experiences. Write a letter to your friend describing about your
unforgettable journey.
Answer:
Date:
2078/7/10
Tekanpur:
6
Tripura
Sundari Rural Municipality
Sindhupalchok
(Nepal)
Dear
Anil,
Sweet
remembrance
I'm feeling too glad to receive your
letter this morning. I'm fine here. I hope that you are also fine there. I felt
so happy to know about your promotion to your job. Today, I would like to share
with you one of my unforgettable journeys by train in India here in this
letter.
Last
Friday, we were in India to attend a marriage ceremony. We got a chance to
travel by train from Delhi to Uttarakhand while returning from there. The
journey by train was of 9 hours. We felt too excited to travel by train. After
buying tickets for us, we boarded the train. Our compartment was packed with a
lot of passengers. There was a quite noisy environment. We managed our seat
numbers and sat accordingly. The passengers were sitting even on the
compartment's floor. The temperature inside the compartment was so high. As our
first travel on the train, we felt quite uneasy due to the crowd inside the
compartment. When the train rumbles and started to move on the track, we felt
quite afraid. The train ran on the track at its average speed. We expected much
speedy travel on that train. Later on, we knew that it was a local train that
had average speed. It kept on stopping in many small stations on its way. We
enjoyed a lot looking outside sceneries through the window. After 9 hours of
travel, we reached our destination. It was a quite good experience for all of
us travelling on the train for the first time.
Now,
I'm going to stop my pen. More discussion will be in our next letter. I'm
getting late for my job. Okay, take care. Bye, bye
Your
best friend
GRAMMAR
Past simple, past continuous, past perfect and past perfect
continuous tense
A.
Study the following sentences.
a.
My head was aching again, so I went home early.
b.
Sanita was teaching to the children while Nitesh was
washing up.
c.
He worked hard all his life.
d.
Just as I was getting into the bath the fire alarm went off.
e.
Before he stopped laughing, everyone had left.
f.
The film had already begun by the time we got to
the cinema.
g.
She had returned to the house where she had been
staying with friends.
B. Here is an extract from a newspaper article about a missing boy
(Ronish) and his father (Naresh). Decide why different forms of past tenses
were used.
Naresh
said that Ronish, who used to enjoy riding with him on his bike, followed him
as he set off. He told the child to go back to his mother, and rode away.
Meanwhile, Ronish’s mother thought that Ronish had gone with Naresh; Naresh
believed Ronish had stayed behind. It was only some hours later, when Naresh
returned, that they realized Ronish had vanished …
C. Fill in the gaps with the suitable form of the verb in the
brackets. Use past simple/past continous/past perfect tenses. You may need to
use negative too.
It
was Sunday afternoon. I ……….. (watch) a cookery programme on TV when I ………….
(realise) how hungry I was. But of course, I was hungry; I ………. (eat) anything
since lunch, and I …….. (run) a race in the morning. “Biscuits!” I ……..
(think). My mother …………. (give) me a jar of delicious home-made biscuits.
I
….. (go) into the kitchen, …… (open) the fridge and ……. (pour) some milk in a
big glass. Then I …….. (look) for the kitchen chair but it …… (be) there:
somebody ……. (take) it away. And there were no biscuits in the biscuit jar:
somebody …… (eat) them all! I was sure I …… (put) the jar there the previous
day and I ………. (eat) only one cookie. It was very strange.
A
few minutes later, I ………. (drink) my glass of milk when I ………. (hear) a loud
noise coming from the dining room. I …….. (go) there quickly and I ……. (open)
the door. I couldn’t believe my eyes. An enormous monkey …….. (eat) the
biscuits excitedly on the kitchen chair.
Answer:
It
was Sunday afternoon. I was watching (watch) a cookery programme on
TV when I realised (realise) how hungry I was. But of course, I was
hungry; I hadn't eaten (eat) anything since lunch, and I had
run (run) a race in the morning. "Biscuits !"
I thought (think). My mother had given (give) me a jar of
delicious home-made biscuits.
I went (go)
into the kitchen, opened (open) the fridge and poured (pour) some
milk in a big glass. Then I looked (look) for the kitchen chair but
it wasn't (be) there: somebody had taken (take) it away. And there
were no biscuits in the biscuit jar: somebody had eaten (eat) them all! I was
sure I had put (put) the jar there the previous day and I had
eaten (eat) only one cookie. It was very strange.
A
few minutes later, I was drinking (drink) my glass of milk when
I heard (hear) a loud noise coming from the dining room.
I went (go) there quickly and I opened (open) the door. I
couldn't believe my eyes. An enormous monkey was eating (eat) the
biscuits excitedly on the kitchen chair.
D. Rewrite the following sentences correcting the mistakes.
Example:
Did you ever see her before you met her at school?
Had you ever seen her before you met her at school?
a.
She played the flute and then she had sung in their choir.
Answer:
She
had played the flute and then she had sung in their choir.
b.
I borrowed Rima’s car. Had you known about it?
Answer:
I
had borrowed Rima’s car. Had you known about it?
c.
After the lesson had finished, we run out of school.
Answer:
After
the lesson had finished, we ran out of school.
d.
Had you be there? - Yes, the previous year.
Answer:
Had
you been there? -Yes, the previous year.
e.
Did you liked my article published in the Himalayan Times yesterday?
Answer:
Did
you like my article published in the Himalayan Times yesterday?
f.
I recognized him because I saw him before.
Answer:
I
recognized him because I had seen him before.
g.
I hadn’t gone out because I hadn’t finished my homework.
Answer:
I
didn't go out because I hadn’t finished my homework.
h.
We had done nothing like this at that time.
Answer:
We
did nothing like this at that time.
i.
It was quite difficult. I had had no idea what to do.
Answer:
It
had been quite difficult. I had no idea what to do.
j.
As far as I’d known, she had always had some pets.
Answer:
As
far as I knew, she had always had some pets.
k.
When I met Jim, he was already a soldier for three years.
Answer:
When
I met Jim, he had already been a soldier for three years.
l.
He had gone to the coffee because somebody had told him.
Answer:
He
went to the the coffee because somebody had told him.
Unit:
18
Music
and Creation
GRAMMAR
Prepositions
A.
Study the following sentences and underline the prepositions.
a.
Over seventy-three million Americans suffer from deafness.
b.
He did not admit to his deafness for another three years.
c.
The hearing crisis allowed him to listen to inner sounds without
distraction.
B.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
a.
I was accompanied to the hospital ……………my friend.
》by
b.
I have great respect ………………my teachers.
》for
c.
The culprit was sentenced………………..death.
》to
d.
His arguments are not based………………truth.
》on
e.
He has not contributed ……………..the development of our nation.
》to
f.
He died …………Corona at the age of thirty-five.
》of
g.
The young generation of Nepali people don’t take interest ………politics.
》in
h.
Our village was not infected ………..Corona.
》by
i.
Why do you sneer ………….me?
》at
C.
Fill in the blanks with for, since, until, by or in.
a.
The classes will be over ………………..5 PM.
》by
b.
Karma Sherpa reached the top of Mt. Everest………..8 hours.
》in
c.
We had met after five years. So we kept on talking…………three in the
morning.
》until
d.
She has been living in America…………………..she got married.
》since
e.
He has been playing video game……………..ten hours.
》for
f.
She practices the Sitar every day………….five hours.
》for
g.
He lived in Jumla…………………..he passed high school examinations.
》until
h.
There is no chance of dry weather even today. It has rained …….. last
Saturday.
》since
i.
I can type 120 words……………..a minute.
》in
j.
We take an early breakfast. It’s generally ready …….. six in the morning.
》by
Unit:
19
Migration
and Diaspora
B. Interpret data in the following charts and graphs using
appropriate words and phrases. Make comparisons when required.
(Diagram
is given in book Page no 166, and 167)
a. Nepali student migration
》The given bar diagram below shows the
migration trend of Nepalese students from 2009/10 up to 2018/19. From
2009 to 2010, the number of migrant students was 26948, but in the following
next two years, 2010/11 and 2011/12, the trend of migration decreased and
reached 10258 students. This is the lowest number of migrant students
from the year 2009 to 2019. From 2012/13 onwards the number of migrant students
started growing at a slow pace each year. The migrated number of students increased
steadily every year and reached 63259 students in the years 2018/19.
Hence,
the present data shows that the number of students increased at a high pace in
the initial year of 2008 to 2009 and then it suddenly dropped. From the year
2011 to 2012, it started increasing slowly and gradually continuously. This
number reached 63259 eventually in the year 2018/19. The year 2018/2019
had the highest number of migrant students and the lowest number of migrant
students was in 2011/2012
b. Reasons for internal migration
》The present pie chart below shows the reasons for the internal migration of people within the country.
The pie chart presents various reasons like marriage, other family reasons, new
business, study/training, looking for work, easier lifestyle and other reasons
for people's migration within the country. It presents marriage as the highest
responsible factor behind the internal migration of the people within the
country. About 54% of people migrate within the country due to marriage.
Another
family factor is the reason for the lowest rate of migration of people within
the country. This shows that other family factor is the factor
responsible for the migration of people within the country. The second
biggest factor responsible for the migration of people is an easier
lifestyle. People migrate from one place to another and similarly migrate
from rural areas to urban areas for the same reasons.
Above
all, the given graph has shown how the number of migrants increases as their
demands aren't fulfilled with the place they are residing and it presents
marriage and easier life as the main responsible factors for migration of
people inside the country.
c. Trend of death of migrant workers
》The following given graph lines show the trend
of death of migrant workers from the year 2008/09 to 2017/18. It has
shown that the number of migrant workers' deaths in 2008/09 was 77, which is
the lowest number of workers' deaths in the years. Then, the death toll
of migrant workers increased steadily and rose to 1006 till the year
2014/15. On top of this, the death rate of migrant workers was the
highest. It increased in numbers from 77 to 419, 566, 648, 722, 877 and
1006 in the years 2008/09, 2009/10, 2010/11, 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14 and
2014/15 respectively. After that, the death rate of migrant workers
dropped by two years in 2015/16 and 2016/17. The death toll of migrant
workers in 2017/18 was 821.
Overall,
it shows how the number of death of migrant workers increased initially and
then it decreased and finally increased to some extent. The highest number of
death of migrant workers were 1006 in 2014/15 and the lowest number of death of
migrant workers counted was 77 in 2008/09.
GRAMMAR
Would/Used
to
A. Make
sentences from the table below using used to / didn’t use to as shown in the
example.
Example: She
used to travel a lot but now she rarely leaves her town.
Answer:
1. She
used to travel a lot but now she rarely leaves her town.
2. She
used to be lazy but now she works hard.
3. She
didn't use to like junk food but she eats momo and noodles these days.
4. She
used to have a pet but it died last year.
5. She
used to be a school teacher but now she is a professor.
6. She
used to have many friends but now she has limited friends.
7. She did
not use to read many books but she reads a lot books.
8. She
didn't use to take coffee but now she drinks coffee.
9. She
used to go to parties a lot but now she doesn't attend parties.
Study the
following sentences and find the differences between them.
a. My
grandfather used to smoke but he doesn’t smoke now.
b.
I would always talk to my grandfather whenever I had a
problem.
Now,
complete the sentences with used to or would.
a. My
sister …………….have short hair when she was young.
》used to
b. We ……
have lunch in the same school café when I was in middle school.
》used to
c. My
father …………play badminton before he had backbone problem.
》used to
d. When I
was very young, I …….(not) like milk.
》didn't use
to
e. She
…….call me after class for a chat.
》would
f. My
mother ……… (not) wear glasses when she was at the university.
》didn't use
to
g. When I
was a child, we …………..live in a village.
》used to
h. On
Sundays, My mother …………..wake up and go to the temple.
》would
i. How
many friends ……………..have in class ten?
》would
j. My
father ……….always read me bedtime stories before bed.
》would
Unit: 20
Power and
Politics
Grammar:
Adjective Order
B. Choose the correct alternative.
a. an old foreign car/a
foreign old car
b. a beautiful white dress/
a white beautiful dress
c. a nice tall young man/a
tall nice young man
d. a big black wooden desk/
a black wooden big desk
e. a delicious Italian pizza/
an Italian delicious pizza
f. a huge brown bear/a
brown huge bear
g. a purple cotton sleeping bag/
a cotton purple sleeping bag
h. a beautiful old Indian village/an
old beautiful Indian village
i. a cute little kitten/
a little cute kitten
j. an expensive antique /an
antique expensive table
C. Put the adjectives
in the following sentences in the correct order.
a. I bought (red/ a /comfortable/new) scooter.
Ans: I bought a comfortable new red scooter.
b. She reached home and sat on (relaxing/old/her/wooden) chair.
Ans: She reached home and sat on her old wooden relaxing chair.
c. We ate (Chinese/delicious/some) food.
Ans: We ate some delicious chinese food.
d. I need (golden/delicious/some/round) apples.
Ans: I need some delicious round golden apples.
e. We like to live in a (calm/unmediated/remote) place for some time.
Ans: We like to live in a calm unmediated remote place for some
time.
f. She is wearing (silver/beautiful / a(n)/ old) ring.
Ans: She is wearing a beautiful old silver ring.
g. I am looking for (golden/stylish/a/Japanese) watch.
Ans: I am looking for a stylish golden Japanese watch.
h. She dropped (old/china/attractive/a(n)) cup and smashed it.
Ans: She dropped an attractive old china cup and smashed it.
i. He wants to marry (young/pretty/educated/a(n)/rustic) girl.
Ans: He wants to marry a pretty young educated rustic girl.
j. We stayed in a (luxurious/five star/new) hotel in Dubai.
Ans: We stayed in a new luxurious five star hotel in Dubai.
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